Nasal Polyps: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Introduction

Nasal polyps are non-cancerous inflammatory growths that arise from the lining of the nasal passages and sinuses.

They are strongly associated with chronic sinus inflammation.

According to epidemiologic studies summarized in EPOS 2020, nasal polyps affect approximately 2–4% of adults.

Symptoms

• Persistent nasal obstruction

• Reduced or loss of smell

• Nasal discharge

• Facial pressure

• Recurrent sinus infections

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made through:

• Nasal endoscopy

• CT scan of the sinuses

These tests help determine the severity of disease.

Treatment

Initial treatment may include:

• Intranasal corticosteroid sprays

• Saline irrigation

• Short courses of oral steroids

If symptoms persist despite medical therapy, endoscopic sinus surgery may be recommended.

Sources

• European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS 2020)

• American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery