Pituitary Tumor Surgery Through the Nose

Introduction

The pituitary gland is a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. It regulates many hormones that control important body functions.

Tumors of the pituitary gland are relatively common and are usually benign. However, they can cause symptoms by producing excess hormones or compressing nearby structures such as the optic nerves.

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the type of tumor but may include:

• Headaches

• Vision problems, especially loss of peripheral vision

• Hormonal imbalances

• Fatigue

• Changes in menstrual cycles

• Unexplained weight changes

In many cases, pituitary tumors are discovered during imaging studies performed for other reasons.

Diagnosis

Evaluation typically includes:

• MRI of the brain and pituitary gland

• Blood tests to measure hormone levels

• Eye examinations to evaluate visual fields

These tests help determine the size and function of the tumor.

Treatment

Many pituitary tumors can be removed using endoscopic endonasal surgery. In this technique, surgeons access the tumor through the nasal passages and sphenoid sinus.

This approach avoids external incisions and allows direct access to the pituitary gland.

The procedure is usually performed by a team consisting of:

• An ENT skull base surgeon

• A neurosurgeon

Advantages of the Endoscopic Approach

Compared with traditional open surgery, this technique offers:

• No visible incisions

• Shorter recovery time

• Improved visualization of the surgical field

Treatment plans may also include medication or radiation therapy depending on tumor type.

Sources

• Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery

• Endocrine Society