Why Is My Nose Always Blocked?

Introduction

Nasal blockage is one of the most common reasons patients consult an ENT specialist. While congestion during a cold is temporary, persistent nasal obstruction may indicate an underlying nasal or sinus condition.

Chronic nasal obstruction can affect breathing, sleep, exercise tolerance, and quality of life. Identifying the underlying cause is essential in determining the appropriate treatment.

Common Causes of Nasal Blockage

Deviated Nasal Septum

The nasal septum separates the two nasal passages. When the septum is significantly deviated, airflow through the nose may be reduced.

Chronic Sinusitis

Chronic inflammation of the sinuses can lead to swelling of the sinus lining and obstruction of the sinus openings. Chronic rhinosinusitis is defined as inflammation lasting more than 12 weeks.

Nasal Polyps

Nasal polyps are benign inflammatory growths arising from the lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. Larger polyps can block airflow and reduce the sense of smell.

Allergic Rhinitis

Allergies can cause swelling of the nasal lining, resulting in congestion, sneezing, and nasal discharge.

Enlarged Turbinates

The turbinates are structures inside the nose that help warm and humidify inhaled air. Inflammation can cause them to enlarge and obstruct airflow.

When Should You See an ENT Specialist?

Evaluation by an ENT specialist is recommended if:

• Nasal obstruction lasts longer than 12 weeks

• Symptoms do not improve with medications

• There is associated loss of smell

• Breathing through the nose becomes difficult

An ENT doctor may perform nasal endoscopy and imaging studies to determine the cause.

Sources

• European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS 2020)

• American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery